Universal cathedrals (Greece - Σύνοδοι Οικουμενικαί) - assemblies mainly Bishops of Christian Church in its universal completeness on which questions are discussed and are born decisions doctrine (dogmatic), Church-political and judicial - disciplinary character. In the beginning we will address to the official information on Universal cathedrals, internal and external distinctive attributes of these. The church asserts that the history of universal cathedrals began in 49 year from Christmas when the first Jerusalem cathedral has taken place. The Orthodox Church recognizes only the following Universal cathedrals [538,539]: 1. I Nikkei - 325. Acceptance is of the Creed, condemnation Aryan, definition of time of celebrating of Easter.
2. I Constantinople - 381. Repeated condemnation is Aryan; a formulation of the orthodox doctrine about the Sacred Trinity.
3. Efeis - 431. Condemnation is Nestorians.
4. Halkidon - 451. Condemnation is Monofizits, the statement of the present text of the Creed.
5. II Constantinople - 553. Has condemned is Nestorians compositions and Origenism.
6. III Constantinople - 680-681. Condemnation is Monofelits.
7. II Nikkei - 787. Condemnation is anti icon both division of worship the God and reverence of icons. With the Universal status the Orthodox Church does not count cathedrals the following cathedrals: IV Constantinople - 879-880. Has restored Frothy on Constantinople a throne and anafema any changes Nikkei- Constantinople of a creed.
V Constantinople - 1341-1351. Has confirmed is divinity isihasm over. Grigory Palamy also has condemned philosopher Varlaam resisting to it. Orthodoxy also does not recognize Universal the cathedrals spent by Catholic Church after division of churches in 1054. On the contrary, the Catholic Church recognizes 21 Universal cathedrals which most part begins after 1123. External and internal distinctive attributes are inherent in universal cathedrals. To external attributes of universal cathedrals concern: - Participation in a cathedral of representatives of all domestic churches on behalf of heads of churches, bishops or their assistants authorized and sent (legato) from them;
- Initial correctness by way of convocation of a cathedral, formation of structure of participants, conducting and the announcement of definitions of a cathedral;
- Recognition of a cathedral universal all domestic churches, as from what bishops were present on it, and from what on it there were no representatives. Internal attributes of universal cathedrals: - Conformity of his decisions to the Scriptus, the apostolic legend, dogma and rules of universal church of all previous centuries;
- Unanimous expression on it of dogma which all поместные churches kept and keep everywhere and always;
- Peculiar in church only to universal cathedrals legislative activity (drawing up of creeds and a statement of doctrines). In the sanction of questions on truest of dogma and a moral the universal cathedral possesses property of infallibility, as the body of universal church supervised by Sacred Spirit. Dogmatic definitions and canons of universal cathedrals are located in « Book of rules », definitions and judgments - in "Acts". Now we will address to a delicate question on conformity of the resulted data on Universal cathedrals of the historical validity. The Jerusalem cathedral passed with participation of pupils and Jesus Christ's Apostles in 49 year from Christmas. In conformity with my researches and the historical truth, 49 year corresponds to 1029 of our era as Jesus Christ was born in 980 year. Hence, the Universal cathedrals attributed by church and historians by times till X century, are insolvent and are falsification. The specified Universal cathedrals could occur not once in hundred years for « the first millennium » Christianities, and during the period between 1010 (Jesus Christ's crucifixion) and the first Catholic Universal cathedral of 1123 - I Lateran on which has been authorized Worm concordat, put an end to struggle for investiture. Logically it turns out, that early Universal cathedrals were carried out in Constantinople, Ephesus, Halkidon and Nikkei with frequency about time in 10-15 years that is the normal phenomenon in becoming Christianity and divinity. However is truer that the first cathedrals passed with frequency of times in some years during time between 1010 and 1054 - till the moment of division of churches. It is considered, that the first Universal cathedral in Nikkei has been called by Constantine Great and passed more than two months. It was open to finish in dispute between Bishop Alexander and Aryan. Aryan, as well as Gnostic, is denied divinity of the Christ. In opinion is the Aryan, the Christ not the God, and the first and absolute of the essences created by the God. At the Aryan many accomplices were found. Bishop Alexander has accused the Aryan of blasphemy. On this Universal Cathedral there were 318 bishops, tens presviters and deacons. Many of them still have more recently returned with prison and on the bodies had traces of tortures. And now they have gathered in a palace in Nikkei, and emperor Constantine presided over their assembly that else never was. Believe, that reports of the First Nikkei a cathedral it was not kept (A.V. Kartashev considers, that they and were not conducted). About the decisions accepted on this cathedral, it is known from later sources, including from acts of the subsequent Universal cathedrals. Actually, Nikkei the cathedral has been called by Emperor Constantine VIII personally knowing Jesus Christ and having with it a meeting in Constantinople in 1010. Constantine VIII has died in 1028, therefore the cathedral could be carried out between 1010 and 1028, and in view of Jesus Christ's presence on a cathedral, the top border will be not later than 1024. Really, in those days the first Christians and Apostles pursued, tortured and even executed, therefore on many participants of a cathedral there were fresh traces from mockeries. Original documents of a cathedral in a consequence have been simply destroyed, as contained the data denying an official history. Following the First Constantinople cathedral has been lead, probably, to the period between 1028 and 1043. It has taken place in sacred Irina's church that adjoins to the Temple of Sacred Sofia. This moment also proves an inconsistency of dating of a cathedral 381 year as sacred Irina's church is combined from a usual brick and is constructed not earlier the beginning of XI century. Affirms, that at opening of a cathedral there was ostensibly emperor Feodosy I, but then neither it, nor his representatives in sessions did not participate, therefore about it there are no documentary data. I shall note that during this period emperors of Byzantium were Roman III Argier, Michael IV Paflagon and Michael V Calafat. The cathedral has issued the Message which subsequently has been divided into 7 rules. These decisions of a cathedral have got in Kormchy the book, former a source of the church right in Russia, only in the beginning of XIII century. The third Universal cathedral in Ephesus had organizational character it at all does not admit as Catholic Church, documents on his carrying out are inconsistent. The fourth cathedral passed in Halkidon, it is area Kadikoj of modern Istanbul. Other cathedrals down to the seventh, actually concern to the period between 1028 and 1054, till the moment of division of church on Orthodox and Catholic. From all lines of the Universal cathedrals recognized as some churches Universal, one cathedral which was taking place in two stages which really has been lead till Jesus Christ's birth is beaten out. It is the cathedral of 869-870 called in Constantinople by emperor Vasily I Macedonian and named IV Constantinople. The Orthodox Church does not recognize this cathedral, and counts 879-880 taken places only a cathedral, naming it IV Constantinople. Decisions of a cathedral of 869-870 concern condemnation and deposition of patriarch Frothy. Priests have decided, that the doctrine about "threehotomia" on which the person will consist of a body, souls and spirit admits heretical. On the contrary is it, have decided to count true, that the person will consist only of a body and soul. In ten years the new cathedral has headed deposed earlier Frothy which has returned to itself the status of the patriarch and has declared the doctrine about threehotomia is true. Besides the cathedral of 879-880 has restored dialogue between East and Western Church and has been recognized in the East. Actually, Emperor Vasily I has called a cathedral in connection with the tightened war between the western party of Russian Varyags, headed Ruric-Lachin, and east party of Russian Varyags, headed by the senior brother Ruric-Lachin, - Jilka which was Great Hagan of Bulgaria that time. Religious war was conducted about thirty years. It turns out, that as an occasion to war divergences have served in treatment threehotomia. Western Hagan and emperors have accepted new current in religion and considered, that there is only a body and soul, and east Hagan the soul and spirit supported traditional representation that there is a Trinity - a body. Today this religious struggle is represented strange, however she passed on a background of the basis of Christianity in IX century a Macedonian dynasty Hagan of Great Bulgaria, becoming emperors of the Byzantium Empire. They have directed efforts Russian Varyags, supported by power of the Byzantium Empire, on occurrence of the Alive God - Jesus Christ in the near future. Therefore dispute about трихотомии carried not theoretical, but especially practical character. The correct decision of a problem gave chance is pure to be born to the Son of the God. Originally 869 were won with treatment Ruric-Lachin and first time Constantinople a cathedral on which patriarch Frothy has been expelled from a throne of church has been called. The political winner of religious fight Ruric has been elected by emperor of the Byzantium Empire under a name Constantine (VI-VII). It began co-Emperor the relative - Vasily I Macedonian. With death Ruric in 879 all have been again called the same Constantinople a cathedral which has restored Frothy in a rank of the patriarch and has ratified the doctrine about a Trinity or threehotomia is true. Actually Constantinople cathedrals of 869-870 and 879-880 are the first Universal cathedrals origin the Christianities, reflecting political and religious struggle of that time. End of opposition has led to an opportunity of the marriage unions between families of the Byzantium emperors of a Macedonian dynasty both great Hagan and princes of the Russian dynasty based Ruric. Fruit of the consent of western and east parties of Russian Varyags in religion and a policy was wedding Great Hagan Vladimir I becoming subsequently Emperor Constantine IX, and great-granddaughter Vasily I Macedonian - Anna Macedonian, between 957 and 960. This union has presented a birth of Virgin Maria in 961-962 which is pure has given birth Jesus Christ's Sirs in 979-980. Therefore after the first and the second Constantinople’s the Universal cathedral only in 1019 the third Jerusalem cathedral of pupils and Jesus Christ's Apostles has taken place. Most likely, it was carried out too in Constantinople - Jerusalem that time. In conformity with this historical logic it is necessary to place correctly the Universal cathedrals recognized as Orthodox Church: 1. I Constantinople a cathedral - 869-870. A question on deposition is of patriarch Frothy and the erroneous decision about threehotomia.
2. II Constantinople a cathedral - 879-880. Restoration Frothy in a rank of the patriarch and acceptance threehotomia.
3. Jerusalem or III Constantinople a cathedral – the period 1010-1020. Assembly is of apostles.
4. I Nikkei a cathedral - the period of 1020-1024. Acceptance is of the Creed, condemnation Aryans, definition of time of celebrating of Easter.
5. IV Constantinople a cathedral - the period of 1028-1043. Repeated condemnation is Aryans; a formulation of the orthodox doctrine about the Sacred Trinity.
6. Efeis a cathedral - the period of 1028-1043. Condemnation is Nestorians.
7. Halkidon a cathedral - the period of 1028-1043. Condemnation is monofizits, the statement of the present text of the Creed.
8. V Constantinople a cathedral - the period of 1028-1043. Has condemned is Nestorians compositions and Origenism.
9. VI Constantinople a cathedral - the period of 1043-1054. Condemnation is monofelits.
10. II Nikkei a cathedral - the period of 1043-1054. Condemnation is anti icons both division of worship the God and reverence of icons. Last two cathedrals passed, probably, during returning Macedonian dynasty to a throne of the Byzantium Empire in 1043 on behalf of Constantine of X Monomah (1043-1054) - Jaroslav Mudry. Universal cathedrals of first half XI century have taken place during lifetime of Jesus Christ, but it had no opportunity to influence though could be present at III Constantinople (Jerusalem) cathedral and helps to ratify a creed on I Nikkei a cathedral. Per 1024 Jesus Christ has gone to India and China, therefore could not supervise the further becoming of Christianity. Additional interest arises to cases of indulgence of Sacred Spirit on participants of Universal cathedrals. Such phenomenon was present at places where there was God Jesus Christ. It operated positively on the pupils and provided property of infallibility to assembly. After 1024 this quality has been lost, that has led to avalanche accumulation of mistakes in Christianity. As a result of sovereign management of church of hierarchs, the Christianity has broken up in 1054 to Orthodoxy and Catholicism. The hope on a principle of infallibility of assembly of the maximum clergy, has led to irreversible consequences - the further development of Christianity has turned to a version of national creativity. 27-28.03.2008.
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